HB-037 · Nervous · Part
Neuron
Also called: nerve cell Neuron
Schematic 3D Classes 9-10 · Classes 11-12 Intermediate Draft - educator review
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Parts: dendrites; soma; nucleus; axon; myelin; terminals; synapse
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About
A neuron is a cell that carries electrical messages; dendrites receive them and the axon sends them on.
- 📍 Where it is
- Throughout the nervous system.
- 🧱 Structure
- Cell body with nucleus, branching dendrites, one long axon often wrapped in myelin with nodes of Ranvier, and axon terminals.
- ⚙️ What it does
- Receiving, processing and transmitting nerve impulses to other neurons, muscles or glands.
💡 Key facts
- Myelin makes impulses travel much faster.
- Signals cross a synapse using chemicals called neurotransmitters.
- Some axons are over a metre long.
✗ Neurons touch each other directly
✓ Most are separated by a tiny gap (synaptic cleft).
📒 Words to know
- axon
- long fibre that carries impulses away
- dendrite
- branch that receives signals
- synapse
- junction between neurons
🏫 Related lessons
- Control and coordination Classes 9-10
Generic GayaGnan topic lessons. Check your own board's syllabus for the exact chapter.
🔎 Sources and credits
Catalog description: Cell-level neural structure.
- OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology 2e, ch. 12-15 (nervous system) (accessed 2026-10-30)
- 3D models: BodyParts3D (DBCLS) and the Human Reference Atlas (HuBMAP), CC BY 4.0, with GayaGnan schematics. 3D model credits
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