CHM070 · Organic Chemistry · Classes 11–12
Isomerism Explorer
Objective: To explore structural and geometric (cis/trans) isomers.
🧰 Virtual materials and apparatus
- Virtual models of isomers, rotatable
- On-screen controls and live readout
📐 Formulas and SI units
same formula, different structure
💡 Theory
Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structures. Structural isomers have atoms joined in a different order (pentane and 2-methylbutane). Geometric (cis/trans) isomers occur around a C=C double bond, which cannot rotate: cis has like groups on the same side, trans on opposite sides.
🪜 Guided virtual procedure
- Choose C₅H₁₂ and step through its three isomers.
- Compare the chains.
- Choose C₂H₂Cl₂ and compare cis and trans.
- Try C₄H₈ (four alkene isomers).
- Explain why cis/trans need a double bond.
📋 Observations Simulated values
✅ Result and conclusion
C₅H₁₂ has 3 isomers: pentane, 2-methylbutane and 2,2-dimethylpropane.
🔬 Real lab vs simulation
Isomers have different boiling points and properties; models here show skeletal structures without all hydrogens.
⚠️ Safety
Models only. Real laboratory chemicals are handled only by teachers.
❓ Quick check
1. Isomers have the same…
2. Cis/trans isomers need a…
3. Isomers of C₄H₁₀?
🏋️ Practice
EasyName the branched isomer of butane.
Answer: 2-methylpropane
MediumWhich C₂H₂Cl₂ isomer is polar: cis or trans?
Answer: Cis
ChallengeIsomers of C₅H₁₂?
Answer: 3