🎯 Learning outcomes
- Use commas, apostrophes, exclamation marks and quotation marks correctly
- Apply spelling rules for plurals, -ing and -ed endings
- Proofread and correct their own writing
Before you start: Capitals, full stops and question marks.
📖 Explanation
Commas separate items in a list and follow introductory words ('First, we washed our hands'). Apostrophes show possession (Meera's bag) or missing letters in contractions (don't = do not). Exclamation marks show strong feeling ('What a beautiful rainbow!').
Spelling rules: words ending in consonant + y change y to i before -es (baby → babies); for many short words with one vowel and one final consonant, double the consonant before -ing or -ed (run → running, stop → stopped); drop silent e before -ing (make → making).
Proofreading means reading your work slowly to find and fix errors in spelling, punctuation and grammar.
"Wow! India's Chandrayaan landed on the Moon," Rohan shouted, "and we watched it live!"
✗ An apostrophe is used to make words plural, as in 'apple's for sale'
✓ Plurals do not need apostrophes: 'apples for sale'. Use apostrophes for possession or contractions.
🧪 Try this activity
Swap a paragraph with a partner and proofread it with coloured pencils: red for spelling, blue for punctuation.
✍️ Question bank with answers
Tap an option to check multiple-choice answers. Open “Answer” or “Marking points” for the others.
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Which is correct?
Answer
B. The girl's book is new.
One girl's book uses 's.
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The plural of 'city' is
Answer
D. cities
Change y to i and add es.
-
Which needs an exclamation mark?
Answer
B. What a lovely surprise
It shows strong feeling.
-
Write the contraction of 'I am'.
Answer
I'm
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Add -ing to 'swim'.
Answer
swimming
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Punctuate: "where are you going asked mother"
Marking points
"Where are you going?" asked Mother.
-
Proofread and rewrite: 'yesterday i goed to my grandmothers house in kochi we eated appam it was delicous'
Marking points
- Yesterday I went to my grandmother's house in Kochi.
- We ate appam.
- It was delicious.
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Why is 'Let's eat, Grandma!' different from 'Let's eat Grandma!'?
Answer
- The comma shows we are talking to Grandma
- Without it the meaning changes
-
Draw a table showing plural rules with two examples each.
Answer
Add -s, add -es, y to ies with examples
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