🎯 Learning outcomes
- Describe the Sun, Moon, planets and stars and the cause of day and night
- Explain the phases of the Moon simply
- Describe how humans affect the environment and ways to protect it
Before you start: Day and night sky.
📖 Explanation
The Earth is a planet that spins on its axis once every 24 hours, giving day and night, and goes around the Sun once a year. The Sun is a star. There are eight planets in our solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
The Moon goes around the Earth about once a month. As it moves, we see different amounts of its sunlit half: new moon, crescent, half moon, gibbous and full moon. These are its phases.
Forests, rivers, soil and air are natural resources. Cutting forests, overusing groundwater and pollution harm the environment. We protect it by planting trees, saving water and energy, separating waste and using clean energy like solar power.
India's Chandrayaan-3 landed near the Moon's south pole in 2023, making India the first country to land there.
✗ The Moon's phases are caused by the Earth's shadow
✓ Phases come from how much of the Moon's lit half we see as it orbits; the Earth's shadow causes lunar eclipses only.
🧪 Try this activity
In a dark room, hold a ball (Moon) in front of a lamp (Sun) and turn around slowly. Watch the lit part of the ball change like the Moon's phases.
✍️ Question bank with answers
Tap an option to check multiple-choice answers. Open “Answer” or “Marking points” for the others.
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Day and night are caused by
Answer
D. the Earth spinning on its axis
The Earth turns once every 24 hours.
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Which is the largest planet?
Answer
C. Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system.
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The Moon takes about ___ to go around the Earth
Answer
B. a month
Roughly 27–29 days.
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Is the Sun a star or a planet?
Answer
a star
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Which planet do we live on?
Answer
Earth
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Why does the Moon shine?
Marking points
- It reflects sunlight
- It has no light of its own
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Explain four ways people harm the environment and four ways to protect it.
Marking points
- Harm: cutting trees, polluting rivers, burning waste, wasting water
- Protect: planting trees, treating sewage, composting and recycling, saving water
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Why are solar panels being put on many homes and schools in India?
Answer
- Sunlight is free and plentiful
- Solar power reduces pollution and electricity bills
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Draw the Sun, Earth and Moon and show the Earth's orbit and the Moon's orbit.
Answer
- Earth's orbit around the Sun
- Moon's orbit around the Earth
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