🎯 Learning outcomes
- Distinguish weather from climate
- Read a thermometer and simple weather data such as rainfall
- Explain the Indian monsoon and how seasons affect farming and life
Before you start: Describing daily weather.
📖 Explanation
Weather is the condition of the air at a place for a short time: temperature, rainfall, wind, humidity. Climate is the usual weather pattern of a place over many years: Rajasthan has a hot, dry climate; Meghalaya a wet climate.
We measure temperature with a thermometer (°C) and rainfall with a rain gauge (mm). Weather forecasts help farmers, fishermen and pilots.
India's seasons are shaped by the monsoon. South-west monsoon winds bring most of India's rain from June to September. The north-east monsoon gives rain to Tamil Nadu in October–December. Kharif crops like rice are sown with the monsoon; rabi crops like wheat are sown in winter.
Mawsynram in Meghalaya is among the wettest places on Earth, while the Thar Desert gets very little rain.
✗ Weather and climate mean the same thing
✓ Weather changes daily; climate is the average pattern over many years.
🧪 Try this activity
Make a rain gauge from a straight-sided bottle and a ruler. Record rainfall for two weeks during the rains.
✍️ Question bank with answers
Tap an option to check multiple-choice answers. Open “Answer” or “Marking points” for the others.
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An instrument to measure temperature is a
Answer
D. thermometer
Thermometers measure how hot or cold it is.
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Most of India's rain comes from the
Answer
D. south-west monsoon
It brings rain from June to September.
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Rice is a
Answer
D. kharif crop
Rice is sown with the monsoon rains.
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In which unit is rainfall measured?
Answer
millimetres (mm)
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Name a state with a very dry climate.
Answer
Rajasthan
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How is weather different from climate?
Marking points
- Weather is the condition over a short time and changes daily
- Climate is the average pattern over many years
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Explain how the monsoon affects farmers in India.
Marking points
- Monsoon rain waters kharif crops like rice
- Delayed or weak monsoon can cause drought and crop loss
- Very heavy rain can cause floods
- Farmers plan sowing by the monsoon
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The forecast says a cyclone is coming to the coast. Why should fishermen not go to sea?
Answer
- High winds and big waves
- Boats can sink; it is dangerous
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Draw a thermometer showing 37 °C.
Answer
- Scale in °C
- Liquid level at 37
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