🎯 Learning outcomes
- Collect and organise data in tally and frequency tables
- Draw and read bar graphs with a scale
- Draw conclusions from data
Before you start: Tally marks and picture graphs.
📖 Explanation
Raw data is a list of observations. A frequency table shows how often each value occurs.
A bar graph shows each category as a bar; the height (or length) of the bar shows the frequency. Choose a sensible scale, for example 1 cm = 5 students, and label both axes.
From a graph we can find the most and least common items, totals and differences, and suggest reasons.
A class in Jaipur recorded rainfall in mm for each month of the monsoon and drew a bar graph to see that July and August were the wettest.
✗ The tallest bar is always the most important result
✓ The tallest bar shows the highest frequency only; read the question and the scale carefully.
🧪 Try this activity
Survey your class about favourite sports, make a frequency table and draw a bar graph with a suitable scale.
✍️ Question bank with answers
Tap an option to check multiple-choice answers. Open “Answer” or “Marking points” for the others.
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In a bar graph with scale 1 unit = 10 children, a bar 4 units high shows
Answer
A. 40 children
4 × 10 = 40.
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Which is the best first step after collecting raw data?
Answer
C. make a frequency table
Organise the data before graphing it.
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Scores 3, 5, 5, 2, 5, 3. Which score is most frequent?
Answer
A. 5
5 appears three times.
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What does each bar in a bar graph show?
Answer
the frequency of one category
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Name the two axes of a graph.
Answer
horizontal axis and vertical axis
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Why must a bar graph have a scale?
Marking points
- To know what each unit of height stands for
- So the values can be read correctly
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Votes for class monitor: Asha 12, Bala 8, Chitra 15, Dev 5. Draw a bar graph and write three conclusions.
Marking points
- Scale such as 1 unit = 2 votes
- Correct bars
- Chitra won
- Dev got fewest votes
- Total votes 40
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A shop sold 30 ice creams on Monday and 75 on Sunday. Suggest a reason.
Answer
- Holiday or more customers on Sunday
- Any sensible reason
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Draw a frequency table for these fruits: apple, mango, mango, banana, apple, mango.
Answer
- Apple 2
- Mango 3
- Banana 1
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